Hadad

Hadad is a name borne in the UPDV by four distinct figures clustered around the Edomite royal line and the Ishmaelite genealogy. Gathered under the umbrella are a successor of Husham who broke Midian on the field of Moab, a son of Ishmael in the twelve-prince roster, a later Edomite king who succeeded Baal-hanan, and the Edomite prince of royal seed whom Yahweh raised up as an adversary to Solomon. The first and third names appear in parallel as "Hadar" in some Genesis attestations, but the UPDV reads "Hadad" at every point in the cluster.

Hadad Son of Bedad, King of Edom

The earliest Hadad in the umbrella enters the Edomite king-list as the successor of Husham. The notice records both his accession and the military feat that defines him: "And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith" (Genesis 36:35). The Chronicler preserves the identical notice: "And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Avith" (1 Chronicles 1:46). The defeat of Midian on the field of Moab and the seat at Avith are the only data the umbrella supplies for this Hadad.

Hadad Son of Ishmael

A second Hadad appears in the roster of Ishmael's sons. The Chronicler lists him in sequence: "Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema," (1 Chronicles 1:30). The Genesis parallel preserves the same name and the same position in the roster: "Hadad, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah" (Genesis 25:15). Both attestations register him as one of the twelve princes of the Ishmaelite line without further narrative.

Hadad, Successor of Baal-hanan

The third Hadad continues the Edomite king-list, taking the throne after Baal-hanan and seated at a city the parallel notices spell two ways. The Chronicler reads: "And Baal-hanan died, and Hadad reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Pai: and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab" (1 Chronicles 1:50). The Genesis parallel adds Baal-hanan's patronymic and gives the city as Pau: "And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab" (Genesis 36:39). Mehetabel daughter of Matred and the seat at Pai/Pau distinguish him from the earlier Edomite Hadad of Avith.

Hadad the Edomite Prince, Adversary of Solomon

The fullest narrative belongs to Hadad the Edomite prince, raised up by Yahweh against Solomon. The opening notice fixes both the divine agency and his royal pedigree: "And Yahweh raised up an adversary to Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he was of the king's seed in Edom" (1 Kings 11:14). His escape is told as a flashback to David's wars: when Joab "the captain of the host went up to bury the slain, and had struck every male in Edom" and "remained there six months, until he had cut off every male in Edom," Hadad fled "with certain Edomites of his father's slaves with him, to go into Egypt, Hadad being yet a small lad" (1 Kings 11:15-17). The flight route runs from Midian through Paran to the court of Pharaoh, where the Egyptian king "gave him a house, and appointed him victuals, and gave him land" (1 Kings 11:18). Hadad's status at the court rises to a royal marriage: "And Hadad found great favor in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him as wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen" (1 Kings 11:19), and "the sister of Tahpenes bore him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh's house; and Genubath was in Pharaoh's house among the sons of Pharaoh" (1 Kings 11:20). News of the deaths of David and Joab triggers his return: "And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to my own country" (1 Kings 11:21). Pharaoh's reluctant question — "But what have you lacked with me, that, look, you seek to go to your own country?" — meets only the bare reply, "Nothing: nevertheless only let me depart" (1 Kings 11:22). The closing summary places his enmity alongside Rezon's Syrian adversity: "And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, besides the mischief that Hadad [did]: and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Syria" (1 Kings 11:25).